Date of Award

Fall 12-2024

Author's School

McKelvey School of Engineering

Author's Department

Biomedical Engineering

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Degree Type

Thesis

Abstract

Existing photoacoustic phantoms are inadequate for mimicking the complex microvascular structures found in human tissue due to their inability to replicate varying sizes and distri- butions of vasculature. This limitation underscores the need for a new material capable of replicating intricate microvascular networks. In this thesis, we introduce loofah as a novel natural phantom material with complex fiber networks ranging from 50 to 400 μm, enabling the fabrication of phantoms with controlled optical properties comparable to those of human microvasculature.

By incorporating a controllable chromophore into the loofah material, we adjusted its ab- sorption properties to match desired specifications. The vasculature-mimetic capabilities and stability in photoacoustic signal generation of the loofah were evaluated using co-registered ultrasound, acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ARPAM), and optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM).

Our ORPAM results confirmed the loofah’s ability to control chromophore distribution, leading to consistent and regulated photoacoustic signals. ARPAM results demonstrated that the loofah phantom effectively replicates vascular structures, exhibiting superior performance in mimicking microvascular networks compared to commonly used tissue-mimetic phantoms. The dominant diameter range of the phantom’s microvasculature was between 100–250 μm,

aligning well with the targeted range and facilitating meaningful comparisons with human vascular structures. Furthermore, we experimented with mixed chromophores to extend the loofah phantom’s application for testing the extended functional capabilities of photoacoustic imaging.

In conclusion, loofah material provides a low-cost and effective method for creating submil- limeter microvascular phantoms for photoacoustic imaging. Its exceptional morphology and customizability allow it to be shaped into various vascular network configurations, enhancing the fidelity of phantom imaging and assisting in system calibration and validation. Addi- tionally, data obtained from this realistic microvascular phantom offer greater opportunities for training machine learning models.

Language

English (en)

Chair

Quing Zhu

Committee Members

Song Hu; Chao Zhou

Available for download on Thursday, December 04, 2025

Included in

Engineering Commons

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